Application Of Genetic Engineering On The World - 1606 Words

Application of Genetic Engineering on Taro Adam Mohamed 10/23/2015 Introduction The field of genetic engineering is very promising, pertaining to the future of agriculture around the world. Research in this area is allowing for more and more improvements to the various aspects of a crop such as yield, visual quality, taste, nutritional value, disease immunity, and cold resistance, as well as many other benefits. A further understanding of both the genetics of crops and how to influence the characteristics listed above will support the lives of many, protect biodiversity, create many new jobs due to the ability to farm crops in new areas, and other possibilities. The Cocoyam, also known as Taro, is a tropical plant belonging to†¦show more content†¦Adam Mohamed Application of Genetic Engineering on Taro Literature Review The article Genetic Engineering to Improve Quality, Productivity and Value of Crops by Abhaya Dandekar provides information on the various benefits that genetic engineering allows for in a plant. Regarding nutritional benefits, genes that concern the production of healthy amino acids, oils, and other substances can be edited, removed, or introduced to increase the abundance of these helpful substances, allowing for generally healthier crops. Studies on the popular plant Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed much about influencing when a plant will begin to flower. This research is valuable in that it permits a better understanding of how to control the length of the period of time between the growing stage of a plant, and the flowering stage (when it can be harvested). In crops such as cabbage, the flowering stage can be stopped altogether, letting the leaves themselves be harvested, instead of having the plant die after flowering. Influencing the heat or cold resistan ce of a plant could allow for the crop to grow in temperatures that it normally wouldn’t be able to, such as having genetically modified bananas manage to grow in a

Why Everyone Is Talking About Business Major Essay Samples

Why Everyone Is Talking About Business Major Essay Samples What You Don't Know About Business Major Essay Samples The motivation is quite crucial point in the entity, because if employees won't be satisfied they aren't going to do their work at the maximal quality or even won't get to the output target, therefore it is essential for the line manager to talk and motivate staff and help where it's required to continue to keep his employees at high degree of motivation. In conclusion, the line manager plays an incredibly important part in the part of an entity nowadays. The line manager has to be a leader, because if he's got no leadership nobody would listen to him and everyone will do what they think is correct, so they will produce a chaos at work, which could dramatically effect of the organization, or so the leadership of the manager is among the most important skills which every manager must have. Furthermore, the autocratic manager do not trust to their employees because it 's thought that they're lazy and they're not inclined to do their job, so manager must provide clear orders to them all. The Basic Facts of Business Major Essay Samples Public high schools have their very own fair share of issues and in the event the student isn't careful, they could wind up in a massive mess. High school students ought to be required to do community services. They are required to write essays on a variety of topics which at first may seem to have nothing in common. Fully being a happy high school student wouldn't be possible without my loved ones. The essay is easily the most important portion of a university appllication, see sample essays ideal for applying to schools in the usa. Writing has existed for quite a very long time. To attain this, the Sample Essays can provide the much-needed guidelines. Additionally, it is possible to also take a look at our Argumentative Essay templates. There's several essays completed by them. You must find the correct resources for your essay in addition to patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. Like any different type of essay, descriptive essays comes in a variety of formats. The scholarship example essay is significantly needed in giving you the correct format to earn a scholarship essay. Business Major Essay Samples Ideas Line manager appeared from the industry term Line Management'' and its aim was supposed to administrate all activities that are hold in the business and attempt to maximise level of service providing and output of goods. The organization will serve both local and worldwide customers by offering cost-effective, adaptable solutions which range from waste management to safety administration. My job was supposed to work alongside the industry manager to help make a more healthy marriage between the finance and advertising departments, thus improving our sales and workplace atmosphere. One o f my interests is which are the very best approaches to run a business and that which you need to keep in mind for most different parts like human resources or marketing. This sort of essay can use information from different sources and expert on either side of the argument. First and foremost it's essential to be certain you comprehend the essay question fully and your essay answers each part of the question adequately. If you're on the lookout for essay topics for your business major paper, the very best idea to find a subject that you're either a specialist at or truly feel passionate about. Answer every one of the next essay questions. All essays will have a particular topic that's either one you choose or one which is provided for you. High school essays are structured very similarly whatever the topic and great essay structure will let you write a very clear essay that flows from 1 paragraph to the next. High school essay examples incorporate a selection of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical. The scholarship essay examples shared here are a fantastic plan in telling you the way to write the ideal scholarship essay. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're expected to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. Leading is my thing, I would like to be a wonderful leader and modify the ways of managers everywhere. This relation is known as a supercluster. I think that my Bachelor's program in business management will help me to develop the appropriate skills to develop into competent in the aforementioned areas. The major also offered many distinct minors whi ch I could pursue, thus giving me a wide variety of alternatives. There are 3 different management styles and every one of them has its own benefits and pitfalls. My motivation to take finance major is informed via this understanding along with the knowledge it is an essential field of management along with decision making that can't be ignore by any company or organization that plans to be a going concern. I collaborated with an eight member promoting team to create new branding for our magazine and mediated this branding with the plan group, ensuring that it managed to blend nicely with their suggestions and insights depending on the very first meeting with Nancy. First the world at this time is confronted with a serious financial recession in addition to ever fluctuating market rates. The company world is fantastic in dimensions.

How to prepare for exam effectively free essay sample

Life today has become so complex that examinations have come to play an important part in one’s educational career. Examinations are considered so crucial that most students are afraid of them. The ability to pass an examination is indeed a valuable quality. It shows that the student is able to express his or her thought and ideas to a manner others can understand. It also shows that the student has acquired a certain amount of knowledge in some branches of study. Besides, the mind of a student, even if he is dull, receives good exercise when he prepares for an examination. A student’s success in attaining a good examination grade, therefore, helps employers and others to assess his mental or general ability. Examinations are therefore an important part of academic studies. Therefore,to excel in examinations there are several tips to prepare for exam effectively. Use this quick study tip guide to see how you can improve your study skills and get yourself on track to achieving those A’s in your exams,it will be just like winning an Oscar award! First of all,don’t be afraid to ask study questions. We will write a custom essay sample on How to prepare for exam effectively or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Depending on what you’re studying, it may be quite difficult to understand a concept,theory or other information you need to learn. This is where it is invaluable to ask questions of your teachers, lecturers or other educators. Don’t be afraid of asking even a single question no matter if it is sensible or not. There really is no such thing when it comes to study and learning. As William Arthur Ward said,â€Å"Curiosity is the wick in the candle of learning†. Hence,embrace your curiosity. Doing so will allow you to solve your doubts and better prepare you for exams. Secondly,always quiz yourself. Once you feel you understand a concept or a topic, it is important to test yourself on it. Try and replicate exam conditions as much as possible,most importantly turn your phone off, don’t talk, and time yourself. You can set yourself a study quiz or practice exam questions and as long as you approach it with the right mindset, you can get a very good idea of how much you know. You gain a greater insight into where you stand in relation to what you’ve studied so far. It will also give you some much need exam preparation, making the actual exam a more comfortable experience. Flashcards are apotheosis for boosting your memory and help you recall theory, definitions and key dates. These are great for quick study sessions, especially straight before an exam. Thirdly,get creative with online study tools. Don’t feel obliged to just sit in front of a book with a highlighter,there are many different ways to study. Try using as many study tools and techniques as possible to help you study better and find what works best for you. Perfect examples of such study tools are online flashcards, mind maps, mnemonics, online study planners, video and audio resources. So,bring your study notes with you and practice exam answers wherever you are. Last but not least,if you incorporate these 3 aspects into your study regime you will be well on your way to achieving exam success. Remember, the earlier you start learning and preparing for exams, the more you’ll remember and understand but most importantly, you will have to study less in the future. Hence,why not try using these effective steps into action early,as the saying goes â€Å"Get up early;grind out hardy,Gain on success. †

The Caste System in To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Example For Students

The Caste System in To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Imagine a time and place where no one is equal. Colored people have to drink from different water fountains; those who were poorer are not allowed to be involved with those who were wealthier than them. As a matter of fact, if one was different, they are shunned by society. In a perfect world, people would rejoice in each one anothers happiness, but this isnt a perfect world; nor was it in the 1930s. The Southern states were an area of archaic, imported romanticism (Erisman, p.1). People of the south disliked anyone who was different from them. Even people of the same race or caste often disliked one another. There was fighting between races. Some white groups had hatred for other white group that may be mediocre or inferior to them, as did the blacks. Those who fitted the dominant race(Bloom, p.xii) were depicted as the whites.Inconsequently, the whites clearly expect deferential behavior of the blacks (Erisman, p.2). The colored men were also treated much more harshly and cruelly. In prayer and church, the Negroes worshiped in it on Sundays and white men gambled in it on weekdays. (Lee, p.118) The one single document that some believed was the cause of all of these prejudices was known as the Emancipation Proclamation. On January 1, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the document referred to as the Emancipation Proclamation, ordering that all slaves be freed. The Proclamation marked a radical departure in policy, but reflected the overwhelming public sentiment in the North.(Emancipation Proclamation, Encarta) About 3 million people were freed by the terms of the document, which is regarded as one of the most important state documents of the United States. Another prejudice of the 1930s in the south was the hate group known as the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan is secret terrorist organization that originated in the southern states during the period of Reconstruction following the American Civil War and was reactivated on a wider geographic basis in t he 20th century. The original Klan was organized in Pulaski, Tennessee, on December 24, 1865, by six former Confederate army officers who gave their society a name adapted from the Greek word kuklos, which means circle. Although the Ku Klux Klan began as a prankish social organization, its activities soon were directed against the Republican. Their main targets were blacks, Jews and other minority groups. While all of this chaos was going on, one woman stood in the middle of it. Her name was Harper Lee. She is best known for her prize-winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird. People come into this world pure, the surrounding environment and society effects who and what they become. The area that Nelle Harper Lee was brought into was an area of mass prejudice. This shaped the way that she lived. Being born to Amasa Coleman and Frances Finch Lee, she was brought up in surroundings that were filled with hatred and dislike. These racial differences would be soon influencing the writing of To Kill a Mockingbird. When Lee was 5, racial incidents were commonplace; an example of this is the Scottsboro Incident. This began in 1931 and lasted for the next 20 years. This incident would eventually manipulate Lees concept of Tom Robinsons trial; where a black man was clearly innocent, but because of the prejudice in the area he was guilty due to his race. During her years of education in Huntingdon College, she edited many different magazines and books. One of which was a comic or a humor magazine (Johnson, p.xi) called Rammer-Jammer. This particular comic was about a southern politician who proclaims that our very lives are being threatened by the hordes of evildoers full of sin SIN, my friends who want to tear down all barriers of an kind between ourselves and our colored friends.(Johnson, p.xii) This comic was one of Harper Lees starts to her honored novel. After attending Huntingdon Collage, she moved on to attend at the University of Alabama for four years. This included a year as an exchange student at Oxford University. After her stay in the University of Alabama, she left and headed to pursue a writing career in New York City. (Altman, p.1) While living in New York, Lee supported herself by working as an airlines reservation clerk. After approaching a literary agent with the manuscripts of two of her essays and three of her short stories, she quit her job and in the late months of 1950 and with a loan from a friend, she was able to write full time for a year. One of her short stories would soon become her one and only novel To Kill a Mockingbird. After numerous edits, the story To Kill a Mockingbird was finally published in July 1960. Harper Lees life may seem extremely different than the story To Kill a Mockingbird, but indeed it is quite the same. We will write a custom essay on The Caste System in To Kill A Mockingbird specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 , .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .postImageUrl , .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 , .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9:hover , .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9:visited , .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9:active { border:0!important; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9:active , .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9 .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf7c2ef146b3c1e37a7bc6126970315f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Media Violence1 Essay Order now The story of To Kill a Mockingbird begins during the summer when, the narrator, Scout and his brother Jem meet a new playmate named Dill who has come from Mississippi to spend the summer with his Aunt Rachael. Dill is fascinated by the neighborhood gossip about Boo Radley. Over the next few years their interest keeps on growing about Boo Radley. In the meantime, they learn that their father has become the defense lawyer for Tom Robinson, who is charged with raping a white girl by the name of Mayella Ewell. As the trial of Tom Robinson grows nearer, the children become more aware of the strong feeling it has aroused in everyone in Maycomb. One day their housekeeper, Calpurnia, takes Jem and Scout to visit her church, and the children realize for the first time that the black parishioners are supporting Tom Robinsons wife. At the trial, Atticuss questions make it clear that Mayella and her father are lying about the rape. Nevertheless, the jury convicts him because their prejudices pre vent them from taking a black mans word against two whites. Atticus is now a hero in the black community of Maycomb, but Bob Ewell, vows to get Atticus for showing him up as a liar in front of the whole town. Tom Robinson has given up hope and tries to flee the prison, but while doing it he gets caught and killed. By the time Halloween comes around, the Finch family has begun to put Toms death behind them. There is a pageant planned and after the pageant, Scout decides to walk home still dressed in her bulky ham costume. The cowardly Bob Ewell, seeing an opportunity to get revenge on Atticus through his children, follows the children down a dark street and tries to kill them. It is none other than Boo Radley, who had seen the attack from his window. Boo stabs Bob Ewell to death, and carries the wounded Jem home. The sheriff decides to file a report that Bob fell on his own knife and died, thus sparing Boo the publicity that would be sure to follow. Scout never sees Boo again after t hat night, but she has learned that he was a good man all along. She has learned a lesson about understanding and tolerance. And through the sheriffs action she sees that sometimes there can be justice and compassion in the world. As one may see, there is much happening in this story. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the people of Maycomb were represented in many ways, one if which was the representation of a caste system not only between races, but also within races. In To Kill a Mockingbird, there are many caste systems represented. There are the apparent and standard castes, but when one looks deeper, there is more the meets the eye. The upper class consists of the members of the Missionary Society, Atticus, Dr. Reynolds, Judge Taylor, and so on. (Bloom, p.42) The Middle class consists of nameless individuals who flesh out Miss Lees story- Braxton Underwood, the owner-editor of The Maycomb Tribune, or Mr. Sam Levy. (Bloom, p.42) Others such as The Cunninghams are another group of middle class people. The lower class said by Aunt Alexandra as trash is mainly made up of the Ewells, who, though more slovenly than the supposedly slovenliest of the blacks, still possess the redeeming grace of a white skin. (Bloom, p.42) Other then the main castes, there is also a smaller no so perceptive caste system that is recognized by certain people, not groups of people. The Finches are at the top of the social order. They are treated the best out of all the other castes. The second highest family is the Cunninghams. They arent the richest or the smartest people in Maycomb, but they do repay for anything that they take. In Maycomb the lowest of the white people would be the Ewells. The children run wild, the father is an alcoholic and lives off welfare, and the children do not attend school. The Ewells may be the lowest on the white caste system, but the arent considered to be the lowest in all of Maycomb. The blacks are considered to lower then the Ewells. This idea has no simple explanation except the basic idea that they are black. Finally, at the bottom of the caste system, is the mixed race. These people come from the blacks and whites that are daring enough, in this prejudice community, to marry and have children of a mixed race. At the top of the social standings are the Finches. They are considered the highest because of the way the act toward others. Atticus is persistently treating Jem and Scout like mature adults.This shows their maturity in all of the different situations during the story. When Atticus gave Scout and Jem the guns for Christmas, he says to them, I would rather you shot at tin cans in the backyard, but I know you will go after birds but remember its a sin to kill a mockingbird. (Lee, p.94) This quote not only shows Atticuss care for the mockingbird, but also his trust and confidence in Scout and Jem. The group that precedes the Finches is the Cunninghams. Walter Cunningham plays a small but important role in To Kill a Mockingbird. A farming family, the Cunninghams caste position is above that of the blacks and the Ewells but below Atticus and the Finch family. Honest and hard working, Walter Cunningham and his son are respectable community members who represent the potential in everyone t o understand right from wrong despite ignorance and prejudice. Aunt Alexandra describes the Ewells as the dregs (Lee) of Maycomb. An evil, ignorant man, Bob Ewell belongs to the lowest substratum of Maycomb society. He lives with his nine motherless children in a shack near the town dump. Bob Ewell is known as A drunken, permanently unemployed member of Maycombs poorest family(sparknotes.com). They receive welfare checks, which Bob uses to support his alcohol problem. .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 , .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .postImageUrl , .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 , .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20:hover , .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20:visited , .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20:active { border:0!important; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20:active , .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20 .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3210b67a31b4bd217e18b501a4a41d20:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ANALIZATION OF CHARACTERS-- ALL QUIET ON THE WESTE EssayIn the 1930s, blacks were considered to be the lowest of all the people in the world. They were treated like garbage. The black people were separated from the whites and the rest of the community (Bloom, p.2). Even though the whites were disregarded from the black community, the Finches were allowed in. The Sunday before the trial of Tom Robinson, Atticus, Jem, and Scout went to the Negro church for prayer. Even though several blacks looked at them weird, they were accepted with open arms. In the south, there were the few blacks that did mingle with the whites. This meant that there were some biracial children in the south. These people werent accepted anywhere. The whites wouldnt take them because they are black, and the blacks wont take them because they are white. These people were considered to be the scum of the south. Not a soul accepted them into their community. In To Kill a Mockingbird, there was a very powerful caste system that was developed in Maycomb. All families and people were separated into different groups of importance. Even though prejudice is still happening all over America today, there is a real substratum of class of the people. The only difference between the social orders in To Kill a Mockingbird and real life is that in the book, people were forced into these classes. In the real world, there are mainly 4 classes: the rich, the upper of the middle-class, the lower of the middle-class, and those who cant support themselves. The rich people are people that earn a lot of money and live in luxury. They arent always rich snobs, but their behavior is, in fact, very different then that of anyone else this type of people is best portrayed by Miss Maudie. She had that entire house to herself, and in an obnoxious way she said that the house was too big anyway. The upper of the middle-class is made up of those people who have enough money to live in a good house and support their family well. They act like the average person. Always caring for others, giving to the need, and doing whatever they can do to make people happy. The Finches best portray the middle class group. Atticus gladly supported Tom Robinson when he needed help. The lower part of the middle-class is made up of the people that can barely support themselves. They can make themselves and sometimes others happy, but they are out to keep themselves around. The Cunninghams represent this the best. They always repay with what they take. Even though they arent out to impress anyone, they still have hope for a good future. The lowest of them all are the people that are constantly fighting with one another; namely the Ewells. They dont support themselves or their families. The money that they make is spent inadequately. As with Bob Ewell, they might spend the money on alcohol. Even though To Kill a Mockingbird portrays a very vivid caste system, one migh t need to look harder into the story to realize its true meaning. Bibliography:Altman, Dorothy Jewell. Harper Lee. Dictionary and Literary Biography. Gale Research Company, 1980, 180-83. Bloom, Harold. Modern Critical Interpretations. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1998Dave, R. A. To Kill a Mockingbird: Harper Lees tragic vision. Indian Studies in American Fiction. The Macmillan Company, 1974, 311-23. Erisman, Fred. The Romantic Regionalism of Harper Lee. The Alabama Review. April, 1973, 122-36Going, William T. Store and Mockingbird. Two Pulitzer novels about Alabama. Essays on Alabama Literature. The University of Alabama Press, 1975, 9-31. Johnson, Claudia. To Kill a Mockingbird: threatening boundaries. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994, xi-xiv. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, 1982Margaritopoulou, Cleopatra. Symbolism and allegory in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird. Chebucto.ns.ca/culture/harperlee/cleo.htmlhttp://www.sparknotes.com/guides/mocking/

Geography Facts of the United States

Geography Facts of the United States The United States of America is one of the largest countries in the world based on both population and land area. It has a relatively short history compared to other world nations, has one of the worlds largest economies, and one of the worlds most diverse populations. As such, the United States is highly influential internationally. Ten Unusual and Interesting Facts to Know About the  US The United States is divided into 50 states. However, state each varies in size considerably. The smallest state is Rhode Island with an area of just 1,545 square miles (4,002 sq km). By contrast, the largest state by area is Alaska with 663,268 square miles (1,717,854 sq km).Alaska has the longest coastline in the United States at 6,640 miles (10,686 km).Bristlecone pine trees, believed to be some of the worlds oldest living things, are found in the western United States in California, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. The oldest of these trees is in California. The oldest living tree itself is found in Sweden.The only royal palace used by a monarch in the U.S. is located in Honolulu, Hawaii. It is the Iolani Palace and belonged to the monarchs King Kalakaua and Queen Liliuokalani until the monarchy was overthrown in 1893. The building then served as the capitol building until Hawaii became a state in 1959. Today the Iolani Palace is a museum.Because the major mountain ranges in the United States run in a north-south direction, they have a large impact on the climate of the countrys various regions. The west coast, for example, has a milder climate than the interior because is moderated by its proximity to the ocean, whereas places like Arizona and Nevada are very hot and dry because they are on the leeward side of mountain ranges. Although English is the most commonly spoken language used in the U.S. and is the language used in government, the country has no official language.The tallest mountain in the world is located in the United States Mauna Kea, located in Hawaii, is only 13,796 feet (4,205 m) in altitude above sea level, however, when measured from the seafloor it is over 32,000 feet (10,000 meters) high, making it taller than Mount Everest (Earths tallest mountain above sea level at 29,028 feet or 8,848 meters).The lowest temperature ever recorded in the United States was at Prospect Creek, Alaska on January 23, 1971. The temperature was -80 °F (-62 °C). The coldest temperature in the contiguous 48 states was at Rogers Pass, Montana on January 20, 1954. The temperature there was -70 °F (-56 °C).The hottest temperature recorded in the United States (and in North America) was in Death Valley, California on July 10, 1913. The temperature measured 134 °F (56 °C).The deepest lake in the U.S. is Crater Lake located in Oregon. At 1,932 feet (589 m) it is the worlds seventh deepest lake. Crater Lake was formed via snowmelt and precipitation that gathered in a crater created when an ancient volcano, Mount Mazama, erupted about 8,000 years ago. Sources Genzmer, Herbert, and Christian Schà ¼tz. (2008). Questions and Answers: Countries and Continents. Paragon Publishing: Bath, United Kingdom.Geology.com. (n.d.). Highest Mountain in the World - Tallest Mountain Geology.com. Retrieved from: https://geology.com/records/highest-mountain-in-the-world.shtmlInfoplease. (n.d.). Fifty States and Fifty Fun Facts - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0770175.htmlInfoplease. (n.d.). The World and U.S. Extremes of Climate - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0001382.html

The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield - Review

The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield - Review The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield is a rich story about secrets, ghosts, winter, books, and family. This bestseller is a book lovers book, with much of the action taking place in libraries and book stores, and the line between fact and fiction constantly blurred. It is hard to believe this is Setterfields debut novel, for she makes the words come to life with such skill that some passages even gave me chills. With a mug of cocoa and The Thirteenth Tale, contentment isnt far away. Synopsis of The Thirteenth Tale Margaret Lea works in her fathers bookstore and is haunted by a loss in her past.One night Margaret is summoned to the home of the most famous author in England to record her autobiography.Vida Winter, the author, tells a layered tale, with stories within stories, keeping Margaret (and readers) curious. Pros The writing is poetic.The characters are unique.The story is interesting, imaginative, and exciting. Cons You will want to drink lots of cocoa while reading (this is only a con for the weight conscious). The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield - Book Review The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield is reminiscent of classic British novels, like Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre. It has tragedy, romance, moors, and dark, stormy nights. In a way, The Thirteenth Tale is a homage to these and all other great works of literature. The power of books and stories is foremost in the novel, and as the main character gets lost in one story, youll find yourself lost with her in the story within a story (as well as the story surrounding the characters story). This is not a realistic book. It isnt meant to be. The aura of fairytale lends power and mystery to the writing. While place is utterly important to the book, time is not. Dont  try too hard to figure out when the novel is supposed to take place. It could just as easily have been now as a hundred years ago. Perhaps all this talk about place, time and story seems roundabout to you. Perhaps you want a synopsis of plot and a straightforward review so that you can decide whether to read this book. Heres what to expect: A good story written by a very good writer about a good story told by a very good writer. This can be a fun read for a book discussion club, especially for the autumn and winter months. See a list of questions you can explore with your book club for The Thirteenth Tale.  The audiobook version is well-received for those who prefer to listen rather than read. The book was adapted for a UK TV movie released in December 2013, starring Vanessa Redgrave and Olivia Colman. Setterfields second novel, Bellman Black, (2013) does not garner as good of reviews. Hopefully, her further works will be back up to the standard she set with her first.

MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MANAGEMENT - Essay Example In most cases, companies will experience organizational change after undergoing a shift in executive powers. When organizational change happens, it does not result in self-adjustment, but requires appropriate management in order to be under control. The business world today is competitive and therefore, companies need to keep adjusting in order to compete favourably in the market. In the fast-moving business environment, companies should embrace organizational change in order to satisfy the standards in the market. Organizations might undergo organizational changes due to a number of reasons. First, if new technology is introduced in a company, there will probably be some changes. Although this might be disruptive to employees, new technology tends to increase the productivity of companies (Burke, 2010). Additionally, companies choose to initiate organizational change as a way of satisfying their customers’ needs. Customer needs today keep changing, even as technology changes. Therefore, a company might be forced to develop new types of products and services, in order to meet its customers’ changing taste. On the other hand, the aspect of economy might lead to both positive and negative organizational change in a company. ... All this is for the purpose of ensuring that the company makes good use of the growth opportunities in the market. Training for employees might be conducted using different ways, to ensure that their newly acquired skills enhance growth of the company (Burke, 2010). There are different types of organizational changes a company might be involved in. These vary depending on the objectives of the company, and the outcomes they anticipate from the organizational change. Different scholars of economics have developed a variety of frameworks, through which an organizational change in a company can be viewed. Grundy (1993) developed a framework of categorization of organizational change. In this framework, there is the smooth incremental organizational change, there is the bumpy incremental, and the discontinuous organizational change (Grundy, 1993). In the smooth incremental change, Grundy considered this to be any type of organizational change, whereby the changes occur in an evolutionary manner, slowly, and systematically. Such changes in an organization are therefore easy to predict. On the other hand, the bumpy incremental changes are characterized by periods of quiet change, which are interrupted abruptly by an increase in the rate of change because of various factors in the organization. An example of this is reorganizations. Finally, the discontinuous organizational change is one that is faced with much turbulence. When this happens, normally, the course of change will take a divergent breakthrough at various points. Therefore, as opposed to the smooth incremental change, the discontinuous change is highly unstable; therefore, it is hard to predict

M&M chocolate candy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

M&M chocolate candy - Essay Example The organization is well known for its confectionary brands like Mars bars, M&M’s, Milky Way bars, Snickers, Skittles, and Twix. Currently, the M&M’s chocolate candy is sold in over 100 countries worldwide. The most catching feature of this product is that its unique taste is appealable to people belonging to all age groups. The corporate principle of manufacturing chocolate products in domestic markets reduces the operational efficiency of the organization. In addition, the company is exposed to FDA regulations as it operates in the consumer foods industry. The strong global presence and high brand recognition are the major strengths of the company whereas expensive marketing campaigns seem to be a weakness of the business. Currently, M&M’s adopts a competitive pricing strategy because the product has been on the market for decades and there are numerous close substitutes for this product. Global market expansion, increased focus on social media promotion, and effective brand establishment are some of the marketing objectives identified for the M&M’s over the coming years. The organization is advised to rely mainly on direct and retail marketing channels to accomplish the marketing objectives proposed. The direct marketing channel strategy can benefit the organization to generate more sales through its website and to offer cheaper rates to end consumers. However, the business concern may also depend on other marketing channel strategies like advertising, sales promotion, and e-mail marketing that can increase its sales vol ume and meet marketing objectives.

Motivation Plan. About my mentor Essay Example for Free

Motivation Plan. About my mentor Essay Tangie Stevenson works for Medicredit Corporation, which is a Management and Recovery Agency, better known as The Outsource Group. This agency is a third party collection agency which a third-party collection agency is as agency that was not a party to the original contract between a creditor first-party and a debtor second-party. In most cases, a third-party collection agency is used once internal first-party collection efforts have been considered unsuccessful. First-party collection agency usually lasts for a period of months before the debt is turned over to a third-party collection agency. A creditor assigns accounts to a third-party collection agency for a fee. The fee differs depending on a wide variety of factors ranging from the collection agency that the creditor chooses to work with, to the number and type of accounts that will be submitted on a routine basis. The fee can be as simple as a flat fee per account submitted or a performance percentage fee on each amount that is collected. In some cases, it may be a combination of both. It is dependent upon the relationship that is agreed upon. As a collections manager Tangie oversee’s all activities related to the company’s credit and collections. She is responsible for formulating, implementing, and maintaining credit and collections policies, monitoring collections and past due accounts, reporting on the activities of the accounts receivable department, and ensuring timely collection of customer accounts receivables. She also provides training, direction, and evaluation of credit and collections employees. In addition to overseeing the collection department staff, she tracks customer feedback through the review of incoming letters, emails, and phone calls and the analytical data collected through outside reporting agencies. She also identifies errors or glitches in collection procedures and recommends solutions to increase collections on delinquent accounts while ensuring customer satisfaction and retention. The Plan I have established a plan to keep the employees in Tangie’s department motivated and satisfied. Keeping employees motivated and satisfied are important elements of not only getting the most out of your employees, but also in retaining your best employees. The best employees are always in high demand, and will change companies if they are not kept motivated and satisfied at work. It doesn’t matter what you build, invent or sell; your organization can’t move forward without people. CEOs, company founders and managers the world over know that keeping the teams beneath them moving forward together in harmony means the difference between winning and dying. The plan that can be applied to Tangie’s department that would increase the motivation, satisfaction and performance would be to first, have the team members build ownership among themselves. They must feel as if they own the place and not just work here. Once of the principles of self-managed teams is to organize around a whole service or product. One way to inspire this feeling is to have each of the members become familiar with what the other members are doing, allowing them to bring their ideas for improvement to the table and have input in the entire process. If the roles are too specialized, have each of the members of the team exchange responsibilities often. This all makes them feel like â€Å"it’s mine†, and most people, when it’s theirs, really don’t want to fail. Next, you must trust the employees to leave their comfort zones. This means to allow them to do more than one specific task, it will allow them to grow and become more confident in their abilities while making them feel more valuable to the organization. Even though as a manager it may feel like allowing individuals to try new things presents a risk to productivity or places workers outside of their established place, it heads off other issues. The bigger risk is having people get burnt out or bored. Then, is to keep the team informed; business leaders have a clearer perspective on the bigger picture than their employees do. It’s really important to tell subordinates what’s going on. What a manager may take for common knowledge about how things are going or what challenges are down the road, employees should be informed of. Spreading the intel lets everyone in on the lay of the land and at the same time strengthens the feeling among workers that they are an important asset to the organization. Then, is the fact that your employees are adults so treat them as such. This is also important when it comes to motivation and satisfaction in the organization. Employees need to be dealt with in a respectable manner. In any organization there is going to be bad news. It could have to do with the individual or the company as a whole but just remember to treat employees accordingly. As a manager, if you choose to keep people in the dark about trying times or issues, the fallout could be more serious than the issue itself. When people are left out, they tend to make things up. An important part of the plan is to remember that money matters, but not as much as you think. Compensation packages are a big deal when employees are hired, but once hired the motivation tends to go downhill. The motivation then comes from things like the challenge of the work, the purpose of the work, the opportunity to learn, and the opportunity to contribute. Last, is to reward and recognize employees if they’ve done something truly outstanding. Instead of telling others that your employees are doing such a great job, take the time to bring a specific person into your office or write an email or note along with that person’s paycheck to let him know that his work is truly outstanding. Rewarding them with small gifts like tickets to a movie, a gift certificate to a grocery store or even highly wish for tickets to a sports game is a good reward. Reward employees with time off, you will be astounded to see how quickly your employees get to work when you offer to let them leave a little early or if you give them the option of coming to work a little late the next day. Reference Forbes. (2013). 7 Ways to Keep Your Employees Happy (And Working Really Hard). Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2013/09/08/7-ways-to-keep-your-employees-happy-and-working-really-hard/

London - Poetry Analysis :: essays research papers

In this poem, Blake is trying to dispel the myth of grandeur and glory associated with London and to show the 'real' people of London and how they felt. London was seen and portrayed as a powerful and wonderful city where the wealthy lived and socialised. However, Blake knew that London was really a dirty, depressing and poverty-stricken city filled with slums and the homeless and chronically sick. To reveal the truth, Blake combines description of people and places with the thoughts and emotions of the people. For example, the second stanza says:"In every cry of every Man,In every Infants cry of fear,In every voice: in every ban,The mind forg'd manacles I hear"Blake combines the descriptions of the crying baby and man with the observation that the people oppress their hopes and dreams, figuratively 'chaining up their minds' because they know that they will never be able to achieve their dreams. Another Example is in the third stanza when Blake describes the crying chimney -sweep and then the "blackning church", but is really saying that the church does not want to dirty its hands by helping the soot-covered [black] chimney sweep. Therefore, a "blackning church" is one that helps the common, dirty people, and Blake says that "every blackning church appalls", showing that the aristocracy and those in positions of power did not want the church that they supported associating with the common people.Throughout the poem, Blake uses fairly simple language, punctuated with the occasional obscure word, but generally the more common words, probably to appeal to the common people who he was supporting through this poem.In writing this poem, Blake is trying to make the reader understand the truth about London and understand about the 'real' people, and he is also encouraging the church, and the aristocracy to help the common people and to support them instead of pushing them away and disregarding them.

Charity Essay

Charity is supposed to be a selfless act done by people who expect nothing in return for their help except for the feeling of having helped someone in need. Charity has changed from an act of nobility or kindness to a way of looking good in front of other people or to receive some type of material reward or to receive some type of tax reduction as done by big companies who prefer †Donating† $100,000 and then save $300,000 in tax reductions for helping out a such noble cause.Charity should be what it used to be a SELFLESS cause period, not just a â€Å"win-win situation† in which both parties â€Å"benefit† from it, it should be done because you want to do it out of the kindness of your heart not because it will get you a C- on the class you’re failing or, because you want to look good in front of someone, it should be done because you want to help the people in need. For example my five year old cousin Jerry, at his age you would expect him to blow al l of his money on games, toys or other things kids like, but no he doesn’t.He saves up all his allowance for months at the time and then one he feels he has an amount that seems big enough to help someone he will goes online to see what charities convince him to donate his money on them, so far he has donated over fifth teen hundred dollars to over ten different charities that vary from animals in danger of extinction to research for AIDS and even Cancer, and he started doing it all by himself, not because someone expected it from him, not because he wanted to look good in front of other people he did it because he wanted to make help people in need, people who don’t have as much as we do, people who have had the â€Å"bitter side of life† as my little cousin would say.One time he went on and went asking door by door all over town until he had knocked on every single door in his town (with his moms supervision of course) and gathered up a good nine hundred dolla rs he could donate to a research on way to prevent miscarriages, and in my opinion more people should be like my cousin and walk that extra mile to help people without the need to receive a â€Å"reward† in order to do what he feels is right. Charity should be a selfless act, and not this sempiternal cycle in which people expect a reward for everything they do.

Digital Fortress Chapter 81-84

Chapter 81 Becker stood bleary-eyed beside the telephone booth on the terminal concourse. Despite his burning face and a vague nausea, his spirits were soaring. It was over. Truly over. He was on his way home. The ring on his finger was the grail he'd been seeking. He held his hand up in the light and squinted at the gold band. He couldn't focus well enough to read, but the inscription didn't appear to be in English. The first symbol was either a Q, an O, or a zero, his eyes hurt too much to tell. Becker studied the first few characters. They made no sense. This was a matter of national security? Becker stepped into the phone booth and dialed Strathmore. Before he had finished the international prefix, he got a recording. â€Å"Todos los circuitos estan ocupados,† the voice said. â€Å"Please hang up and try your call later.† Becker frowned and hung up. He'd forgotten: Getting an international connection from Spain was like roulette, all a matter of timing and luck. He'd have to try again in a few minutes. Becker fought to ignore the waning sting of the pepper in his eyes. Megan had told him rubbing his eyes would only make them worse; he couldn't imagine. Impatient, he tried the phone again. Still no circuits. Becker couldn't wait any longer-his eyes were on fire; he had to flush them with water. Strathmore would have to wait a minute or two. Half blind, Becker made his way toward the bathrooms. The blurry image of the cleaning cart was still in front of the men's room, so Becker turned again toward the door marked damas. He thought he heard sounds inside. He knocked. â€Å"Hola?† Silence. Probably Megan, he thought. She had five hours to kill before her flight and had said she was going to scrub her arm till it was clean. â€Å"Megan?† he called. He knocked again. There was no reply. Becker pushed the door open. â€Å"Hello?† He went in. The bathroom appeared empty. He shrugged and walked to the sink. The sink was still filthy, but the water was cold. Becker felt his pores tighten as he splashed the water in his eyes. The pain began to ease, and the fog gradually lifted. Becker eyed himself in the mirror. He looked like he'd been crying for days. He dried his face on the sleeve of his jacket, and then it suddenly occurred to him. In all the excitement, he'd forgotten where he was. He was at the airport! Somewhere out thereon the tarmac, in one of the Seville airport's three private hangars, there was a Learjet 60 waiting to take him home. The pilot had stated very clearly, I have orders to stay here until you return. It was hard to believe, Becker thought, that after all this, he had ended up right back where he'd started. What am I waiting for? he laughed. I'm sure the pilot can radio a message to Strathmore! Chuckling to himself, Becker glanced in the mirror and straightened his tie. He was about to go when the reflection of something behind him caught his eye. He turned. It appeared to be one end of Megan's duffel, protruding from under a partially open stall door. â€Å"Megan?† he called. There was no reply. â€Å"Megan?† Becker walked over. He rapped loudly on the side of the stall. No answer. He gently pushed the door. It swung open. Becker fought back a cry of horror. Megan was on the toilet, her eyes rolled skyward. Dead center of her forehead, a bullet hole oozed bloody liquid down her face. â€Å"Oh, Jesus!† Becker cried in shock. â€Å"Esta muerta,† a barely human voice croaked behind him. â€Å"She's dead.† It was like a dream. Becker turned. â€Å"Senor Becker?† the eerie voice asked. Dazed, Becker studied the man stepping into the rest room. He looked oddly familiar. â€Å"Soy Hulohot,† the killer said. â€Å"I am Hulohot.† The misshapen words seemed to emerge from the depths of his stomach. Hulohot held out his hand. â€Å"El anillo. The ring.† Becker stared blankly. The man reached in his pocket and produced a gun. He raised the weapon and trained it on Becker's head. â€Å"El anillo.† In an instant of clarity, Becker felt a sensation he had never known. As if cued by some subconscious survival instinct, every muscle in his body tensed simultaneously. He flew through the air as the shot spat out. Becker crashed down on top of Megan. A bullet exploded against the wall behind him. â€Å"Mierda!† Hulohot seethed. Somehow, at the last possible instant, David Becker had dived out of the way. The assassin advanced. Becker pulled himself off the lifeless teenager. There were approaching footsteps. Breathing. The cock of a weapon. â€Å"Adios,† the man whispered as he lunged like a panther, swinging his weapon into the stall. The gun went off. There was a flash of red. But it was no tblood. It was something else. An object had materialized as if out of nowhere, sailing out of the stall and hitting the killer in the chest, causing his gun to fire a split second early. It was Megan's duffel. Becker exploded from the stall. He buried his shoulder in the man's chest and drove him back into the sink. There was a bone-crushing crash. A mirror shattered. The gun fell free. The two men collapsed to the floor. Becker tore himself away and dashed for the exit. Hulohot scrambled for his weapon, spun, and fired. The bullet ripped into the slamming bathroom door. The empty expanse of the airport concourse loomed before Becker like an uncrossable desert. His legs surged beneath him faster than he'd ever known they could move. As he skidded into the revolving door, a shot rang out behind him. The glass panel in front of him exploded in a shower of glass. Becker pushed his shoulder into the frame and the door rotated forward. A moment later he stumbled onto the pavement outside. A taxi stood waiting. â€Å"Dejame entrar!† Becker screamed, pounding on the locked door. â€Å"Let me in!† The driver refused; his fare with the wire-rim glasses had asked him to wait. Becker turned and saw Hulohot streaking across he concourse, gun in hand. Becker eyed his little Vespa on the sidewalk. I'm dead. Hulohot blasted through the revolving doors just in time to see Becker trying in vain to kick start his Vespa. Hulohot smiled and raised his weapon. The choke! Becker fumbled with the levers under the gas tank. He jumped on the starter again. It coughed and died. â€Å"El anillo. The ring.† The voice was close. Becker looked up. He saw the barrel of a gun. The chamber was rotating. He rammed his foot on the starter once again. Hulohot's shot just missed Becker's head as the little bike sprang to life and lurched forward. Becker hung on for his life as the motorcycle bounced down a grassy embankment and wobbled around the corner of the building onto the runway. Enraged, Hulohot raced toward his waiting taxi. Seconds later, the driver lay stunned on the curb watching his taxi peel out in a cloud of dust. Chapter 82 As the implications of the Commander's phone call to Security began to settle on the dazed Greg Hale, he found himself weakened by a wave of panic. Security is coming! Susan began to slip away. Hale recovered, clutching at her midsection, pulling her back. â€Å"Let me go!† she cried, her voice echoing though the dome. Hale's mind was in overdrive. The commander's call had taken him totally by surprise. Strathmore phoned Security! He's sacrificing his plans for Digital Fortress! Not in a million years had Hale imagined the commander would let Digital Fortress slip by. This back door was the chance of a lifetime. As the panic rushed in, Hale's mind seemed to play tricks on him. He saw the barrel of Strathmore's Berretta everywhere he looked. He began to spin, holding Susan close, trying to deny the commander a shot. Driven by fear, Hale dragged Susan blindly toward the stairs. In five minutes the lights would come on, the doors would open, and a SWAT team would pour in. â€Å"You're hurting me!† Susan choked. She gasped for breath as she stumbled through Hale's desperate pirouettes. Hale considered letting her go and making a mad dash for Strathmore's elevator, but it was suicide. He had no password. Besides, once outside the NSA without a hostage, Hale knew he was as good as dead. Not even his Lotus could outrun a fleet of NSA helicopters. Susan is the only thing that will keep Strathmore from blowing me off the road! â€Å"Susan,† Hale blurted, dragging her toward the stairs. â€Å"Come with me! I swear I won't hurt you!† As Susan fought him, Hale realized he had new problems. Even if he somehow managed to get Strathmore's elevator open and take Susan with him, she would undoubtedly fight him all the way out of the building. Hale knew full well that Strathmore's elevator made only one stop: â€Å"the Underground Highway,† a restricted labyrinth of underground access tunnels through which NSA powerbrokers moved in secrecy. Hale had no intention of ending up lost in the basement corridors of the NSA with a struggling hostage. It was a death trap. Even if he got out, he realized, he had no gun. How would he get Susan across the parking lot? How would he drive? It was the voice of one of Hale's marine, military-strategy professors that gave him his answer: Force a hand, the voice warned, and it will fight you. But convince a mind to think as you want it to think, and you have an ally. â€Å"Susan,† Hale heard himself saying, â€Å"Strathmore's a killer! You're in danger here!† Susan didn't seem to hear. Hale knew it was an absurd angle anyway; Strathmore would never hurt Susan, and she knew it. Hale strained his eyes into the darkness, wondering where the commander was hidden. Strathmore had fallen silent suddenly, which made Hale even more panicky. He sensed his time was up. Security would arrive at any moment. With a surge of strength, Hale wrapped his arms around Susan's waist and pulled her hard up the stairs. She hooked her heels on the first step and pulled back. It was no use, Hale overpowered her. Carefully, Hale backed up the stairs with Susan in tow. Pushing her up might have been easier, but the landing at the top was illuminated from Strathmore's computer monitors. If Susan went first, Strathmore would have a clear shot at Hale's back. Pulling Susan behind him, Hale had a human shield between himself and the Crypto floor. About a third of the way up, Hale sensed movement at the bottom of the stairs. Strathmore's making his move! â€Å"Don't try it, Commander,† he hissed. â€Å"You'll only get her killed.† Hale waited. But there was only silence. He listened closely. Nothing. The bottom of the stairs was still. Was he imagining things? It didn't matter. Strathmore would never risk a shot with Susan in the way. But as Hale backed up the stairs dragging Susan behind him, something unexpected happened. There was a faint thud on the landing behind him. Hale stopped, adrenaline surging. Had Strathmore slipped upstairs? Instinct told him Strathmore was at the bottom of the stairs. But then, suddenly, it happened again-louder this time. A distinct step on the upper landing! In terror, Hale realized his mistake. Strathmore's on the landing behind me! He has a clear shot of my back! In desperation, he spun Susan back to his uphill side and started retreating backwards down the steps. As he reached the bottom step, he stared wildly up at the landing and yelled, â€Å"Back off, Commander! Back off, or I'll break her-â€Å" The butt of a Berretta came slicing through the air at the foot of the stairs and crashed down into Hale's skull. As Susan tore free of the slumping Hale, she wheeled in confusion. Strathmore grabbed her and reeled her in, cradling her shaking body. â€Å"Shhh,† he soothed. â€Å"It's me. You're okay.† Susan was trembling. â€Å"Com†¦ mander.† She gasped, disoriented. â€Å"I thought†¦ I thought you were upstairs†¦ I heard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Easy now,† he whispered. â€Å"You heard me toss my loafers up onto the landing.† Susan found herself laughing and crying at the same time. The commander had just saved her life. Standing there in the darkness, Susan felt an overwhelming sense of relief. It was not, however, without guilt; Security was coming. She had foolishly let Hale grab her, and he had used her against Strathmore. Susan knew the commander had paid a huge price to save her. â€Å"I'm sorry,† she said. â€Å"What for?† â€Å"Your plans for Digital Fortress†¦ they're ruined.† Strathmore shook his head. â€Å"Not at all.† â€Å"But†¦ but what about Security? They'll be here any minute. We won't have time to-â€Å" â€Å"Security's not coming, Susan. We've got all the time in the world.† Susan was lost. Not coming? â€Å"But you phoned†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Strathmore chuckled. â€Å"Oldest trick in the book. I faked the call.† Chapter 83 Becker's Vespa was no doubt the smallest vehicle ever to tear down the Seville runway. Its top speed, a whining 50 mph, sounded more like a chainsaw than a motorcycle and was unfortunately well below the necessary power to become airborne. In his side mirror, Becker saw the taxi swing out onto the darkened runway about four hundred yards back. It immediately started gaining. Becker faced front. In the distance, the contour of the airplane hangars stood framed against the night sky about a half mile out. Becker wondered if the taxi would overtake him in that distance. He knew Susan could do the math in two seconds and calculate his odds. Becker suddenly felt fear like he had never known. He lowered his head and twisted the throttle as far as it would go. The Vespa was definitely topped out. Becker guessed the taxi behind him was doing almost ninety, twice his speed. He set his sights on the three structures looming in the distance. The middle one. That's where the Learjet is. A shot rang out. The bullet buried itself in the runway yards behind him. Becker looked back. The assassin was hanging out the window taking aim. Becker swerved and his side mirror exploded in a shower of glass. He could feel the impact of the bullet all the way up the handlebars. He lay his body flat on the bike. God help me, I'm not going to make it! The tarmac in front of Becker's Vespa was growing brighter now. The taxi was closing, the headlights throwing ghostly shadows down the runway. A shot fired. The bullet ricocheted off the hull of the bike. Becker struggled to keep from going into a swerve. I've got to make the hangar! He wondered if the Learjet pilot could see them coming. Does he have a weapon? Will he open the cabin doors in time? But as Becker approached the lit expanse of the open hangars, he realized the question was moot. The Learjet was nowhere to be seen. He squinted through blurred vision and prayed he was hallucinating. He was not. The hangar was bare. Oh my God! Where's the plane! As the two vehicles rocketed into the empty hangar, Becker desperately searched for an escape. There was none. The building's rear wall, an expansive sheet of corrugated metal, had no doors or windows. The taxi roared up beside him, and Becker looked left to see Hulohot raising his gun. Reflex took over. Becker slammed down on his brakes. He barely slowed. The hangar floor was slick with oil. The Vespa went into a headlong skid. Beside him there was a deafening squeal as the taxi's brakes locked and the balding tires hydroplaned on the slippery surface. The car spun around in a cloud of smoke and burning rubber only inches to the left of Becker's skidding Vespa. Now side by side, the two vehicles skimmed out of control on a collision course with the rear of the hangar. Becker desperately pumped his brakes, but there was no traction; it was like driving on ice. In front of him, the metal wall loomed. It was coming fast. As the taxi spiraled wildly beside him, Becker faced the wall and braced for the impact. There was an earsplitting crash of steel and corrugated metal. But there was no pain. Becker found himself suddenly in the open air, still on his Vespa, bouncing across a grassy field. It was as if the hangar's back wall had vanished before him. The taxi was still beside him, careening across the field. An enormous sheet of corrugated metal from the hangar's back wall billowed off the taxi's hood and sailed over Becker's head. Heart racing, Becker gunned the Vespa and took off into the night. Chapter 84 Jabba let out a contented sigh as he finished the last of his solder points. He switched off the iron, put down his penlight, and lay a moment in the darkness of the mainframe computer. He was beat. His neck hurt. Internal work was always cramped, especially for a man of his size. And they just keep building them smaller, he mused. As he closed his eyes for a well-deserved moment of relaxation, someone outside began pulling on his boots. â€Å"Jabba! Get out here!† a woman's voice yelled. Midge found me. He groaned. â€Å"Jabba! Get out here!† Reluctantly he slithered out. â€Å"For the love of God, Midge! I told you-† But it was not Midge. Jabba looked up, surprised. â€Å"Soshi?† Soshi Kuta was a ninety-pound live wire. She was Jabba's righthand assistant, a razor-sharp Sys-Sec techie from MIT. She often worked late with Jabba and was the one member of his staff who seemed unintimidated by him. She glared at him and demanded, â€Å"Why the hell didn't you answer your phone? Or my page?† â€Å"Your page,† Jabba repeated. â€Å"I thought it was-â€Å" â€Å"Never mind. There's something strange going on in the main databank.† Jabba checked his watch. â€Å"Strange?† Now he was growing concerned. â€Å"Can you be any more specific?† Two minutes later Jabba was dashing down the hall toward the databank.

I believe that it is appropriate to begin this coursework with a quote Essays

I believe that it is appropriate to begin this coursework with a quote Essays I believe that it is appropriate to begin this coursework with a quote Essay I believe that it is appropriate to begin this coursework with a quote Essay Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform speed in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces acting on it.Newtons First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)This quote, Newtons first law of motion, is basically what I am trying to prove. The idea that an object will continue to move with the same speed unless some other force is acting on it. In this case, friction.Account of the Experiment and Data Gained.The data that I am going to analyse has been obtained from an experiment performed in class, involving a buggy being rolled down a slope at an incline of 7.7o and passing through a light gate which I shall move down the ramp gradually. The diagram below (Fig 1)illustrating the experiment.Fig 1The experiment was performed for eight different ranges 20cm 160cm, increasing in steps of 20cm with 3 attempts at each distance.Plan of calculationsThe aim of my coursework is to attempt to discover the coefficient of friction and locate any patterns throug hout the data.To look for patterns I will plot a distance time graph and a force time graph, working out the gradient to give me acceleration down the ramp. I will also work out the gravitational component with expected values.To attempt to find the coefficient of friction, I will look for any deviance from the expected values of acceleration, and once the results are compared, discover the differing value of friction.I will use the equations F = Ma and a = ?V/?T.Expected ValuesFig 2To find velocity A I will break up the downward force C. I know the angle of the ramp isSin = o/h. =0.327/2.44 = 0.134. Sin-1 = 7.701oThe other angle (B) in the triangle = 180-7.701-90 = 82.3oSo breaking up the force gives us: -Fig 3Original force (Black) of 9.8 x 0.6678 = 6.544(The error in the mass is extremely small+/-0.0001, I have decided that it is negligible in the following calculations)Force A (Blue arrow) of 6.544cos82.3 = 0.877And Force B (red) arrow that is balanced by the upward force of the ramp(Green upward arrow).Acceleration (at bottom of ramp) = F/M = 0.877/0.6678 = 1.3 ms-2The potential energy of the trolley at the top of the hill should be 0.877N, and get to the bottom with an acceleration of 1.3 ms-2. The acceleration values from the graph need to be below 1.3 ms-2 to be acceptable data.Data analysisData that was gained from the experiment: -Fig 4DistanceTimeVelocityRun 1Run 2Run 3AverageRun 1Run 2Run 3Average200.410.40.310.3730.720.730.710.720400.590.590.630.6031.021.021.021.020600.780.780.910.8231.231.221.231.227801.091.1511.0801.391.391.391.3901001.091.151.121.1201.541.541.541.5401201.381.411.281.3571.641.641.631.6371401.431.51.561.4971.731.731.721.7271601.531.651.841.6731.841.841.831.837To calculate the average acceleration, I used a = ?V/?TFig 5Average Acceleration01.9291.6911.4901.2871.3751.2061.1541.098As you can see. The average acceleration of the cart is way over the 1.3 ms-2 that I estimated above. This could possible be explained by the cart having been pushed and so has an initial velocity ; 0.The most useful graph to plot will be a Velocity/time graph, (Graph 1), using this to calculate acceleration, from the acceleration values I will be able to work out the resistance value: -(Resultant) F = Mg-Fr(Since F= Ma)Ma = Mg-FrBy rearranging this formula to get the Frictional Force Fr.A Fr = Mg-MaSo by working out lots of acceleration values I will gain resistance values. The values have been taken from graph 9.(Fig 6)1. Into formula AFr = (0.6678 x 9.8 x cos82.3) 1.15 x 0.6678Fr = 0.876 0.768Fr = 0.1082. Into formula AFr = (0.6678 x 9.8 x cos82.3) 0.2 x 0.6678Fr = 0.876 0.134Fr = 0.7423. Into formula AFr = (0.6678 x 9.8 x cos82.3) -0.08 x 0.6678Fr = 0.876 0.053Fr = 0.823The next graph will be a Friction / Distance graph (Graph 2). From it I hope to establish if the frictional force is constant or changes.The distances I will use will be 20 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm and 140 cm. I shall use the data gained in fig 5 for this graphFig 7a = ?V/?TFor 20cma = 0.72 0/0.373 0a = 1.929 ms-2For 60 cma = 1.227/0.823a = 1.490 ms-2For 100 cma = 1.540/1.120a = 1.375 ms-2For 140 cma = 1.727/1.497a = 1.154 ms-2From this data I will calculate the expected friction using the formula: -Ma = Mg-FrFr = Mg MaAv AccelerationMassGravityFriction00001.9290.66789.85.2571.6910.66789.85.4151.4900.66789.85.5491.2870.66789.85.6851.3750.66789.85.6261.2060.66789.85.7391.1540.66789.85.7741.0980.66789.85.811From this graph (Graph 2) I have determined that as distance increases so does the resistance. The resistance increases in regular amounts so I will be able to work out that amount to give me the coefficient (coeff) of frictionNow I have values for resistance I will attempt to find a relationship that will allow me to find the coefficient of friction. The frictional force depends on 2 things, the coefficient of Friction with the surface that the cart is in contact with and the upward force exerted by the ramp, which I will call Fup. For t his formula to work I must treat the cart as a point mass.The formula that I have found is Fr = coeff Fr x FupThe friction data was taken from fig 6.Inserting the data for gives me0.108 = coeff Fr x (6.544 x cos84.2)Rearranging gives me an answer of: -0.108/0.865 = 0.125By subtracting this value from the perfect results I should find the actual force of acceleration.0.877-0.125 = 0.752Now by using a = F/M I should find the acceleration that I found in part 1).a = 0.752/0.6678a = 1.126 ms-2This value is extremely close to the value of 1.15 ms-2 from the graph and I put down the difference to inaccurate gradient measurement. The alternative to this would be that the cart actually had 2 coefficients of friction. One to start the cart, the other is whilst the cart is moving.Comparison between the gravitational potential energy and the energy transformed into kinetic energy.K = 1/2mv2This is the formula that I will use to calculate the kinetic energy transferred to the cart. With the fol lowing equation I will work out gravitational potential energy.?GPE = Mg?hTo start I will calculate the kinetic energy.Starting with the following data I will perform a sample calculation.Av VelocityMass0.7200.6678K = 1/2mv2= 1/2 x 0.6678 x (0.72)2= 0.173 JThe rest of the data follows suit: -kinetic energy (J)Av VelocityMass0000.1730.7200.66780.3471.0200.66780.5021.2270.66780.6451.3900.66780.7921.5400.66780.8941.6370.66780.9951.7270.66781.1261.8370.6678Next I will work out gravitational potential energy?GPE = Mg?hTo work out the height at each of the distance values I will use trigonometry.Sina?hSin7.7o = a/0.2a = 0.2 x sin7.7a = 0.03I shall use the distance values from the following points.Here is a sample calculation. For a ramp length of 0.2 and height 0.03GPE = 0.6544 x 9.8 x 0.3= 1.309Distance (M)Mass (Kg)GravityGPE00000.20.65449.81.3090.40.65449.82.6180.60.65449.83.9270.80.65449.85.23610.65449.86.5441.20.65449.87.8531.40.65449.89.1621.80.65449.810.471Comparing Kinetic energy a nd gravitational potential, shows that a tiny proportion of energy is actually converted into kinetic energy as the table below and graph 3 shows: -GPEKinetic Energy001.2830.1732.5650.3473.8480.5025.1300.6456.4130.7927.6960.8948.9780.99510.2611.126ConclusionIn conclusion the cart is extremely inefficient and looses lots of potential energy through friction. There were many problems with the data, there was flex in the ramp, the measurements for distance were very rough and we did not use a set square. The light gate was only lined up by eye and there were parallax errors in the time calculations.From the data I have plotted several graphs and have worked out what size component of the main force friction was using formulas. I attempted to work out the coefficient of friction but the value that I got was out by 0.024ms-2.

Indefatigable

Indefatigable Indefatigable Indefatigable By Maeve Maddox A reader asks about the words fatigable, defatigable, and indefatigable: Indefatigable apparently is of the same/identical meaning [as defatigable]. Then why is the in used as a prefix of defatigable, when in is generally used to invert the meaning, as in incorrigible (antonym of corrigible)? The reader says that he understands fatigable to refer to a person â€Å"who can be fatigued† and defatigable to a person â€Å"who can be treated for exhaustion.† The reader has misunderstood the meaning of de- in indefatigable. Note: The pronunciation of indefatigable is IN-duh-FAT-i-guh-buhl. Fatigable and defatigable mean the same thing. They have Latin equivalents: fatigare verb: to weary, tire, fatigue. fatigatio noun: weariness, fatigue. defatigare verb: to weary, fatigue, tire. defatigatio noun: exhaustion, weariness, fatigue. The Latin prefix de- is used with more than one meaning. One of these meanings, in both Latin and in English, is this: de- (prefix): down to the bottom, completely, thoroughly. Both fatigable and defatigable connote weariness, but the weariness expressed by defatigable is total exhaustion. Latin also has source words for the form indefatigable: indefatigabilis adjective: untiring indefatigatus adjective: not tired A Google search produces about 22,000 results for defatigable, 114,000 for fatigable, and 708,000 for indefatigable. The Ngram Viewer shows a marked decline in the use of indefatigable in recent decades. Here are recent examples of the use of indefatigable on the Web: Indefatigable drive and charisma have made Maura Healey the states attorney general and the  one to watch in Massachusetts politics.   To some, millennials- those urban-dwelling, ride-sharing indefatigable social networkers- are engaged, upbeat and open to change. To others, they are narcissistic, lazy and self-centered. The marigolds are  indefatigable. The geraniums are lush and valiant.   The  indefatigable  Vermont Sen. Bernie  Sanders, of course, led the pack. Indefatigable is the opposite of defatigable and means, â€Å"incapable of being fatigued.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should Know20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsInspiring vs. Inspirational

Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics - Research Paper Example These topics are applied to the case of Mrs. Z, who is diagnosed with breast cancer but refuses to take additional treatment and disclose her medical condition to her family. This paper analyzes the ethical dilemma inherent in the case and how can the healthcare team resolve this through the application of ethical theories and principles in nursing. B. Justify the Importance of Ethical Theory to Nursing The key role of theories is to provide individuals with a worldview or perspective which may guide them in identifying, describing, explaining, or predicting phenomenon or formulating measures which will facilitate the phenomenon. The competencies that nurses use in the process of ethical decision making are not enough to make appropriate and coherent ethical decision (Lachman, 2012). There are several theories that are drawn upon to help nurses resolve ethical dilemmas. Ethical theories take into account the purpose or motive of the nurse, the techniques exercised by the nurse to car ry out the act, and the outcomes of the act. There are four ethical theories that are widely used in nursing practice, namely utilitarianism, deontology, virtue, and egoist (Fairchild, 2010). Utilitarianism is usually viewed as asserting that the decision-making process is based on the ‘greater good’. Deontology is rooted in the notion of duty. Nurses have a binding obligation to pursue acts that will benefit their patients. Virtue theory states that the motive of the individual making the ethical decision is what establishes whether or not the decision was ethical or good. If the purpose was good, then even though the result was bad, the decision would still be moral. And egoist theory promotes the concept of rational self-interest (Fairchild, 2010; Paganini & Egry, 2011). B.1. Provide one example that shows the importance of ethical theory as it applies to nursing practice Mrs. Z refuses to undergo life-preserving treatment and disclosure of her medical diagnosis to h er family after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Dr. F and the nurse confront a typical ethical dilemma: they desire to prevent the perceived ‘harm’ of Mrs. Z’s condition. Nevertheless, they also desire to fulfill the ‘good’ of valuing the informed decision of the patient and prevent the ‘harm’ of violating her autonomy. In this case the process of ethical decision making will require analysis of similarly firm but contradictory ideas—respect for patient autonomy vs. the preservation of life. In this case the healthcare team may look at the deontological side of the situation to determine if their actions are in accordance to the rules and guidelines of their profession. On the other hand, virtue ethics will help determine if their actions are according to moral or good intention. C. Relate the Principle of Confidentiality to the Concept of Reasonable Limits Confidentiality is the obligation to protect and respect private infor mation. The rule of confidentiality states that nurses should give respect to their patients’ privacy needs and use private details about them only to enhance their care (Longhi-Deshefy et al., 2004). Healthcare professionals must observe confidentiality to

Safeguarding Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Safeguarding Children - Essay Example This essay approves that according to the American Psychological Association, children with disabilities are at higher risk of child abuse, especially sexual abuse compared to their non-disabled counterparts. This happens especially if the disability directly impairs the perceived credibility of the child for example, mental retardation, blindness, deafness and physical handicaps. This report makes a conclusion that extensive studies have been carried out on the issue of child abuse and the likelihood of re-victimization later in life. Although these studies did not take a similar approach or methodology, they all converge to a common conclusion that children who experience abuse in childhood are more likely to be re-victimised by other perpetrators in adolescence and even in adulthood. One thing that comes out very clearly is that the post trauma character of the victim greatly determines the possibility of being re-victimised. Child abuse is one of the major issues that many societies including developed nations have not managed to phase out. Despite the many measures and laws enacted, reports of abandonment, mutilation, infanticide/infant killing and other forms of violence perpetrated against children are still high. A child can experience child abuse at a younger age and, in adolescence and even adulthood, a similar occurrence is also witnessed among the same individuals. This indicates that not only are children at risk of child abuse but also at risk of re-victimization by different perpetrators. This paper analyses the claims of Radford et al 2011 which state that â€Å"children who experience abuse in childhood are more likely to be re-victimised by other perpetrators, including in adulthood.† ... To begin with, the paper briefly introduces the topic, defines child abuse and outlines its categories, potential places of abuse, perpetrators, effects, and its causes and/or contributors. This is followed by an extensive study on the chances and possible reasons of re-victimization among children/people who underwent various forms of childhood abuse at a younger age. The paper does not study each form of abuse separately but makes a general discussion of re-victimization but points out the potential abuses in each state. 2.0 Introduction Child abuse is one of the major issues that many societies including developed nations have not managed to phase out. Despite the many measures and laws enacted, reports of abandonment, mutilation, infanticide/infant killing and other forms of violence perpetrated against children are still high. A child can experience child abuse at a younger age and, in adolescence and even adulthood, a similar occurrence is also witnessed among the same individu als. This indicates that not only are children at risk of child abuse but also at risk of re-victimization by different perpetrators. This paper analyses the claims of Radford et al 2011 which state that â€Å"children who experience abuse in childhood are more likely to be re-victimised by other perpetrators, including in adulthood.† 3.0 Definition and categories of child abuse Herrenkohl (2005, 413) defines child abuse as any form of physical, emotional and sexual mistreatment or neglect of a child. These constitute child maltreatment, which can be are acts of omission or commission by the parents of a child or any other caregiver which lead to threat of harm, potential harm or actual harm to a child. This definition describes the four categories of child

The Current State of Economy in The Division of Labor Essay

The Current State of Economy in The Division of Labor - Essay Example There are three circumstances involved in this belief: increase the dexterity of every worker, time-saving mechanism, and utilization of machines that increase efficiency. Hence, a worker must have enough skill to perform his job and familiarize himself in operating a machine to produce maximum output. Smith cited the case of a pin maker who would likely produce only one pin a day without the two factors mentioned. However, if the concept of division of labor is applied, laborers could specialize in one task alone, which can result in greater productivity. Smith himself has witnessed workers who were inadequately skilled at making pins yet because of the specialized tasks assigned to them, ten workers can produce 48,000 pins in a day. In the end, Smith popularized this principle, which shows that lack of skill nor machines is not really obstacles to productivity. Ever since this has changed the landscape of manufacturing industries as early as the Industrial Revolution. This work by Adam Smith did have a lot of practical value because capitalists made a profit by applying the principle in their businesses.

Long Term Consequences Of Residualisation Social Policy Essay

Long Term Consequences Of Residualisation Social Policy Essay For those in need of housing in the UK, many low-income and disadvantaged people and families have turned to the Government for assistance in the form of public housing. However, there has been any number of challenges in terms of providing the right quantity and, most importantly, quality of public housing to meet the needs of various UK communities. In the Thatcher era of the 1980s, the Government decided that residualisation of council housing would be the best solution, thereby shifting the responsibility to provide needs and services away from the state and onto the individual and family. In order to further investigate the causes and long-term consequences of the residualisation policy of the 1980s, the context for council housing will first be examined in order to understand the need for this type of public housing, including its social composition and why a shift toward residualisation occurred. It is also important to examine some of the economic, political, and social forces that may have also led to this shift, including globalisation and industrialisation, the new anti-state ideology of Thatcherism, the policies that were created during this time such as the Housing Act 1980, and the growing problems within the UK that led to the reliance on council housing. Lastly, in looking at the long-term consequences of residualisation, it would seem that this shift only led to greater problems rather than solutions. Various consequences will be explored, including the increase in poor housing stock, neighbourhood instability, greater inequality between the classes, and the poor perception of council housing. However, one long-term consequence that can be seen as positive is the overall increase in home ownership during the 1980s and beyond, which has provided a new way for many individuals and families to establish a better economic stature. The Context for Residualisation In order to better understand the causes of residualisation, it is important to first set the context for this shift. At one time, the public housing sector was the fastest growing aspect of the UK housing system and was favoured by the Labour government as a way to house individuals and families after World War II. In 1945, Aneurin Bevam, the Minister of Health, told the House of Commons; We shall ask the local authorities to be the main instruments for the housing programme. It is a principle of the first importance that the local authorities must be looked as the organizations and the source for the building of the main bulk of the housing programme. The local authorities are admirable suite for this purpose. (House of Commons 1945: 1). This was seen as a way to better service everyone within society and create a more equal playing field between classes. It was seen as a way of housing working people, regardless of their income, and there was no stigma of failure attached to those that did choose this option during its early years (Cowan and Maclennan 2008: 11). Council housing was viewed as an investment structure that would allow the UK to offer affordable housing, and this system was found to be capable of sustaining new building programmes on cost balanced rents, well within the affordability of people on average incomes (Ready 2007: 2). In analysing council housing during this period, the belief was that the emphasis was on breaking down the barriers and distinctions between groups in society, opening up public services to all on the basis of need, without investigation of ability to pay (Malpass, 1990: 74). This time period was known as Welfare Capitalism, focusing on the common good and equality through the development of public services and social protection (Scanlon and Whitehead 2008: 17). The term, working classes was even removed from the 1949 Housing Act as a way to establish council housing as a new mixed community that broke new ground on removing the class and income barriers that had previously existed. This meant higher quality standards for council housing, thereby producing a positive viewpoint on council housing up until the 1980s. At that point, there was a definitive shift in how council housing was viewed with a rapidly depleted housing stock that only offered small flats for the neediest groups. The public housing sector stock essentially peaked at 6.5 million in 1979 but, by December 1986, the figure had fallen to under 5.9 million (CIPFA, 1986: 1). As of 2007, the council housing stock has fallen to 3.8 million (Housing and Dependency Working Group 2008: 14). Figure 1.1 also shows the decline in council housing from a peak of 31.7 per cent in the late 1970s to 26.7 per cent in 1986, illustrating how the residualisation policy altered the availability of quality council housing. The latter section will discuss the causes of the decline of council housing. Causes: Shifting Policies, Political Ideologies, and Economics In the early 1970s, Titmuss linked the residual model of social welfare to the idea and beliefs of right-wing economists, such as Hayek, Friedman, and followers of the Institute of Economic Affairs, who were to become so influential with the government a decade later (Forrest and Williams, 1984: 1165). The residual model of social welfare is based on the view that the market and the family should be the main provider of all needs and services. This was part of the Post-Industrial perspective, which was a reaction by the Governments after the 1970s because they feared that they would be unable to manage their national economies in the face of globalisation (Scanlon and Whitehead 2008: 17). As such, the state has a minimal role to play in direct provision, catering only for those who truly have proved that they cannot support themselves. This approach measures a persons welfare against their position in the labour market so that the state would be sure to only complement the market rather than to compete with it. Globalisation Within the realm of globalisation, the UK housing market has become integrated into the global flow of financial markets where money moves freely and rapidly through countries and uses (Waters, 1995: 64), changing how the country has viewed its housing stock. To participate in the global markets, the British economy was then restructured in an attempt to better handle their labour markets, taxation policies and public expenditures in a way that would keep tighter control over what was doled out to its citizens in the form of public assistance. The result was then to reconsider where the country would invest its money in terms of programmes for public assistance, thereby shifting the focus away from council housing and onto investing in private housing that could be financed through the global market system. The policy has shifted to right to buy in public rented housing, leading to a shortage of investment funds for public housing and influencing the stock transfer to housing associations that use private borrowing to stretch what public money is received (Forrest and Murie 1988: 131). Political factors When the conservative party won the 1979 general election, it considered that its housing policies, including the Right to Buy scheme that became part of the Housing Act 1980, had contributed to its electoral success, so the political movement was geared toward the concept of home ownership for as many citizens as possible. This philosophy was inherent in the politics of the day that was geared toward a capitalist approach to society in which there would be an expanded access to capital assets beyond just what was supplied on a public assistance basis. The political movement during the Thatcher administration believed that the state would be freer to help the country become more competitive in terms of its industries and financial prowess if it no longer had to be lumbered with the infrastructure that is involved in operating a welfare state. The British New Rights welfare policies absolve the Government of taking any responsibility in terms of adhering to a certain standard of living for all, thereby choosing to redistribute income from the poor to the rich (Smith 1995: 189). This would mean that those that exist at the bottom of society must be disciplined and wrenched from its dependence on social welfare (Wheelan 1999: 5). Hence, the idea of residualisation was led by the political forces during that time period. Policy changes Policy changes, including the Right to Buy scheme under the Housing Act 1980, were also one of the primary causes of residualisation. During this time, there was more of a concern about area renewal rather than public assistance (Stephens and Lynch 2005: 6), so providing for home ownership was one way in which area renewal could take place without a major investment by the Government. Michael Heseltine set out specific objectives to increase the opportunities for home ownership, improve housing quality, provide greater value for money and more effectively use resources where the needs are more severe. The solutions were seen in privatising the housing market, which meant reducing the existence of council housing stock, restricting capital investments by local authorities, and changing the terms of tenants rental rights (Stephens et al., 2005: 4). Those within council houses were then given the right to buy at a discount up to a maximum of 50 per cent after twenty years and would receive a mortgage from their local authority, taking away incentives for staying in council houses except for those that could not financially purchase a home or take out a mortgage (Stephens et al. 2005: 4). As the figure below indicates, 1980-1984 sales of council homes exceeded new building by private developers, indicating that residualisation was well underway. Thatcher believed that establishing a Right to Buy programme that would replace the state-issued council housing was a way to free many in society from what she saw as the deadening grip of municipal landlordism and a way to create a new cadre of housing consumers (Houghton 2009: 2). And, this plan did work remarkably well for those that had the means to participate whilst the rest were left to compete for a diminishing pool of subsidised homes whilst the worst of the council homes-mostly those ugly block buildings of the 1960s and 1970s-were deserted or left to decay with no funding for refurbishment (Houghton 2009: 2). Stock transfer Stock transfer was one of the primary ways that residualisation was enacted because this policy severely reduced the council housing stock. Stock transfer had a much more significant impact than the Right to Buy policy with the government permitting the transfer of some 200,000 council houses per annum under stock as compared to 50,000 Right to Buy sales in 1999 (Stone 2003: 10). During this time, there were numerous measures that facilitated the transfer of the public stock to alternative landlords through the Tenants Choice and Housing Action Trust. The Large-scale Voluntary Stock Transfer (LSVT) also played a key role in which LSVTs were involved the sale of the local authoritys entire stock of rented houses and the transfer of its staff to a newly-formed housing association set up for the purpose (Stone 2003: 11). By April 1997, 54 councils had divested themselves of their housing stock via an LSVT, leading to more than one quarter of a million homes being transferred (Stone 2003: 11). Overall, it has been estimated that this aspect of residualisation led to over fifty per cent growth in the owner-occupied sector (Stone 2003: 11). Long-Term Consequences of Residualisation Due to these various factors, the causes of residualisation have led to some long-term consequences. Some of these consequences relate to what is now viewed as persistent market instability in terms of housing prices since the low-cost rented sector that was at its peak before the residualisation process of the 1980s has now all but disappeared whilst there has also been more significant changes in the UKs social structure as mentioned below (Ready 2007: 4). Depletion of quality housing stock and homelessness The Right to Buy scheme and the large-scale stock transfer to housing associations meant that most of the quality housing was now sold, leaving available council housing for the needy that was in disrepair and in desperate need of modernisation (Cantle, 1986: 58). The prices of available homes grew at a major faster pace than wages and there were very few rental options available (Cowans and Maclennan 2008: 11). Despite the fact that most of the structures were built prior to World War II and were traditionally constructed to a higher standard, the 1980s saw these structures begin to disintegrate with estimates of  £19 billion to make repairs and modernise them (Cantle, 1986: 61). Since the Government was unwilling or unable to make these repairs, the existing stock of council housing disintegrated further, further marring the reputation of council housing (Cantle, 1986: 62). This depletion of council housing stock and the inability of certain groups to either qualify for what is available or wait on a list has led the numbers of homeless in the UK to rise, illustrating that the residualisation process has created new problems rather than solving old ones (Smith 1995: 196). Despite the increasing homelessness problem, the New Right in Britain continues to view increased public housing as a mean to continue creating dependency on a welfare state amongst the poor and unemployed (Smith 1995: 199). Negative perspectives, stigmatisation, and reduction of the council sector Since the residualisation process seemed to help out those that were willing and capable to support themselves with minimal assistance from the state, which left only the disadvantaged to remain in the council sector, reducing the size of the sector whilst also stigmatising those that remained a part of this public assistance programme (Burrows, 1999: 31). The statistics of those within the council housing system further substantiated stigmatism of certain groups of individuals, creating prejudice, inequality in home ownership, and leading to instability in neighbourhoods. For example, the London Housing Survey, 1986-7 showed that 4% of all households in London were headed by single parents but 9% in the council sector, and nearly half of all Afro-Caribbean households lived in council housing but were underrepresented in the owner occupation sector (London Research Centre 1988: Tables 1, 2, and 4). Additionally, Forrest and Murie (1988: 68) stated that, by 1984, more than half of households in council housing were headed by an economically inactive person and that nearly two-thirds of council housing head of households were not working. Those that do work have incomes in the bottom 40%, as compared to the early 1980s when council tenants had average income that was 73% of the national average (Housing and Dependency Working Group 2008: 14). Table 1.1 shows how the elderly and younger age groups have also become significantly over-represented in council housing since the early 1970s. The result has led to a long-term system that geographically contains and stigmatises those living in council housing as bad places in which those seeking public assistance are looked down upon and excluded by society (Social Exclusion Unit 1999: 2). The general perspective that council housing is welfare housing for those on welfare has been ingrained into the overall society, in large measure, by the residualisation processes that have occurred over the last fifty years (Somerville 2004: 2). The lines between poverty and crime have become so blurred that the Government now uses the council estates as an example of how those within the bottom of society are responsible for their own wretched existence (Wheelan 1999: 5), so that the rest of society takes the same negative viewpoint of council housing and those that live there. The New Labour rationale continues that of the Thatcher era in terms of destroying the UKs culture of a welfare state by threatening to demolish all council housing, regardless of whether people living there now need this shelter or not, if these areas continue to retain high numbers of the unemployed and welfare dependent (Wheelan 1999: 4-5), proving that the long-term effect of residualisation will continue. However, at the same time, it is interesting to note that, despite the efforts of residualisation to help those in need, the number of people in the UK living in poverty doubled from ten million in 1978-1980 to twenty million by 1998-1999 (Stephens and Lynch 2005: 27). It seems as though the intentions of this process actually continued to create more negative consequences than it was able to solve. Neighbourhood instability and lack of community cohesion The residualisation of the council housing segment has led to a constant churning and rotation of people within neighbourhoods, creating the long-term effect of instability and a lack of community cohesion (Holman and Simpson, 1999: 23). Leaving just less affluent older people and younger people within the council housing segment has created constant change with the older generations dying and the younger generations growing restless and changing their residences more often than families or other demographic groups (Holman and Simpson, 1999: 24). For example, the majority of people moving out of council housing had lived at their previous address for less than five years and 31% have moved after less than two years, indicating that those entering council housing in the recent past are increasingly unlikely to anticipate a long-term future as local authority tenants (Pawson and Bramley, 2000: 1257). The instability will be further enabled by the polarisation between available quality homes and poor homes. As one building society noted, Prices for quality homes will continue to rise, while prices for poor homes continue to fall as the market increasingly polarises (Wheelan 1999: 4). Growth in home ownership This is not to say that the long-term consequences are all negative as the growth of home ownership since the 1980s, making the UK as home-owning society, can only be viewed as a positive. As of 1995, the rate of home ownership was 66%, up from 55% in 1979 (Smith 1995: 190). Owning a home has been shown to be a means of raising ones social status as well as improving ones economic footing and long-term stability (Smith 1995: 191). Home ownership also helps many communities regenerate and improve the overall social cohesion. The fact that council housing has not lived up to the promises of fifty years ago may push the Government to strike the entire programme and develop innovative solutions for social housing needs or devise new ways of helping the poor to help themselves (Wheelan 1999: 5). The only problematic aspect of this overall advantageous consequence is the continued inequality in class in terms of home ownership and the discrepancy amongst demographic groups in terms of who can afford home ownership and who cannot. There continues to be a severe shortage of quality housing stock for everyone, including those who would like to purchase homes. And, while the globalisation of financial markets did allow for greater housing finance options, the recent credit crunch has also shown that participating in globalisation has its price too as funding for mortgages has all but disappeared. Conclusions In looking at the present state of council housing and public assistance, it seems as though the primary causes of residualisation from the 1980s in terms of the globalised financial and lending system and the political perspective of measured spending on social programmes will continue in the same manner going forward. The recent global credit crunch further impacts the ongoing lack of focus on providing social housing due to reduced financing sources and budgetary cuts to Government funded programmes. The future brings the need for new strategies that offer community housing rather than council housing under a new umbrella of what is being called mixed tenure to ensure the right stock of affordable social and private housing that is intended to better balance the ability to make quality housing within the grasp of all levels within society. Whilst residualisation was one attempt at breaking free of a welfare state but also one that continues to keep certain groups stuck without any upward mobility, there are other types of social processes that can be explored to better balance and sustain local communities. In the end, it may not be the council housing or public assistance that is creating a vicious cycle for the disadvantaged since the residualisation process has actually led to greater poverty, homelessness, and other social issues. The real issue may be the need to fix other programmes that do not involve public assistance in terms of providing more job opportunities, education and training, and strategies that improve the internal infrastructure of the UK rather than trying to put a plaster on the problem and hoping it just gets better on its own or transferring income over to those that are already sustaining themselves. The issues involved have seemingly been exacerbated by the residualisation process rather than solved the issue of a welfare state. This is the time when the UK Government must look inwards on how to provide more assistance that allows people to help themselves and invest in what is already available to refurbish and renew areas so that more citizens can enjoy a better quality of life. References Burrows, R. (1999). Residential mobility and residualization in social housing in England. Journal of Social Policy, 27-52. Cantle, T. (1986). The deterioration of public sector housing in Malpass, P (Ed.) The Housing Crisis. London: Croom Helm. Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPA). (1986). Housing statistics, Part 1: Rents, rebates and allowances at April 1976 and housing rents statistics. Cowans, J. and Maclennan, D. (2008). Visions for social housing: international perspectives. The Smith Institute, 1-100. Forrest, R. and Murie, A. (1988). Selling the Welfare State. 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